Wiktionary 0. How to pronounce Chukcha? Alex US English. Daniel British. Karen Australian. Veena Indian. How to say Chukcha in sign language?

Select another language:. Discuss these Chukcha definitions with the community: 0 Comments. In current times, there continue to be some elements of subsistence hunting, including that of polar bears , [8] marine mammals and reindeer.

However, there are some differences between the traditional lifestyles of the coastal and inland Chuckchi.

The former coastal Chukchi were largely settled fishers and hunters mainly of sea mammals. The inland Chukchi were partial reindeer herders.

All of these were based on reindeer herding, with the addition of sea mammal hunting and walrus ivory carving in the coastal areas.

Only a portion of them today work directly in reindeer herding or sea mammal hunting , and continue to live a nomadic lifestyle in yaranga tents.

Russians first began contacting the Chukchi when they reached the Kolyma River and the Anadyr River The overland journey from Yakutsk to Anadyrsk took about six months.

The Chukchi were generally ignored for the next fifty years because they were warlike and did not provide furs or other valuable commodities to tax on.

Armed skirmishes flared up around when the Russians began operating in the Kamchatka Peninsula and needed to protect their communications from the Chukchi and Koryak.

The first attempt to conquer them was made in Other expeditions were sent out in , and with considerable bloodshed but little success.

War was renewed in , when the Chukchi defeated an expedition from Okhotsk and killed its commander. Command passed to Major Dmitry Pavlutsky , who adopted very destructive tactics , burning, killing, driving off reindeer, and capturing women and children.

The war —7 was conducted with similar brutality and ended when Pavlutsky was killed in March The Russians waged war again in the s. In , Saint Petersburg adopted a different policy.

Maintaining the fort at Anadyrsk had cost some 1,, rubles, but the area had returned only 29, rubles in taxes, the government abandoned Anadyrsk in The Chukchi, no longer provoked, began to trade peacefully with the Russians.

From , they participated in an annual trade fair on the lower Kolyma. Another was established in on the Angarka, a tributary of the Bolshoy Anyuy River.

This trade declined in the late 19th century when American whalers and others began landing goods on the coast. The first Orthodox missionaries entered Chukchi territory some time after Apart from four Orthodox schools, there were no schools in the Chukchi land until the late s.

The maritime Chukchi traveled in boats with wooden frames and skin covers. The basic socioeconomic unit of the maritime Chukchi was the boat team of several related families; it sometimes included neighbours.

The village was a territorial association of related and unrelated families. Among the reindeer Chukchi, the encampment of families who herded together was the basic economic unit.

According to Chukchi religion, invisible spirits populate the universe. Sacrifices were an important aspect of the major festivals.

Shamanist ceremonies were conducted for divination and healing. After the Russian Revolution the Chukchi were settled on collective farms. Technical improvements and new economic activities have been introduced among them.

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Unserem groГen Chukcha Heist Guide fГr GTA Chukcha. - Inhaltsverzeichnis